The decision by Namibia and Botswana to impose a prolonged ban on imported citrus and vegetables from South Africa has ignited a heated debate within the agricultural sector, with critics arguing that the move violates the principles of regional trade agreements.
South Africa, a major agricultural exporter in Africa, has benefited significantly from the continent’s growing demand for its produce. In 2023, the country’s agricultural exports reached a record US$13.2 billion, with Africa accounting for approximately 40% of this total.
The ban, which was initially implemented in December 2021, has been extended to 2025. Both countries have justified the measure as a means to promote domestic production and reduce their reliance on South African imports.
While Botswana and Namibia have introduced support schemes to boost local agriculture, critics argue that the ban conflicts with the principles of the Southern African Customs Union (Sacu), which aims to promote free trade among its members.
Agricultural economist Wandile Sihlobo has highlighted the financial impact of the ban on South African farmers, who have invested heavily in the regional value chain. Researchers Thabile Nkunjana and Sifiso Ntombela have echoed these concerns, emphasizing the importance of open trade practices within Sacu.
Senior agricultural economist at FNB, Paul Makube, has labelled the ban as “totally anticompetitive and protectionist.” He argues that while supporting local farmers is commendable, it should not disrupt market mechanisms.
Makube has emphasized the need for South Africa to focus on deepening integration within Africa, as outlined in the Africa Free Trade Agreement. He has also called for a more collaborative approach between Southern African countries, emphasizing the importance of communication and negotiation in resolving trade disputes.
As the debate continues, it remains to be seen whether Namibia and Botswana will reconsider their decision and lift the ban, or whether the move will have long-lasting implications for regional trade and agricultural cooperation.